INDEX
Aachen 714, 744
Abdera 599
abduction of souls 156–60
absence and recall of soul 154–60
Abipones of Paraguay 210, 512 Abruzzi, Feast of All Souls in 383 Abyssinia, rainmaking priests on the borders of 78
Acaill, Book of 241
Acarnania 685
Acosta, J. de 505
acts tabooed 166–73
Adon, Semitic title 302
Adonis: and Aphrodite 17, 331–4
in Cyprus 310–17
Gardens of 337–43
myth of 300–5
in relation to the pig 486–7
ritual of 331–5
in Syria 305–10
Adonis, River 310, 331–2
adultery, effects of 35–7
Aeacus 126–7
Aegira 63
Aegis of Athena 477
Aeneas and the Golden Bough 13, 796
Aesculapius 15, 83, 330
Africa, see Abyssinia
Akikuyu
Ashanti
Baganda
Bangala
Barea
Bari
Barotse
Basutos
Banyoro
Bechaunas
Benin
Bodio
Calabar
Cape Coast Castle
Chitomé
Dinka
Egba
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ewe
Fans
Fantees
Gabon
Grand Bassam
Grebo
Hos
Ibo
Lagos
Marimos
Mashona
Matabele
Matse
Meroe
Mpongwe
Nigeria
Ogun
Onitsha
Oyo
Ovambo
Shilluk
Suk
Swaziland
Tchi-speaking peoples
Timmes
Wabondei
Wagogo
Wajagga
Wakondyo
Wamegi
Whydah
Yoraba
Zimbas
Zulu
afterbirth 770–2 Age of Magic 53–4 agricultural year, expulsion of demons at beginning of 588
Agu, Mount 137
Ahasuerus, King 644
Ainos 50
bear-sacrifice of 524–9, 548–9, 684
Ajumba 540
Akikuyu (Kikuyu) of Kenya 324, 790
Alaska 571
Alba Longa 117
kings of 118–19
Albanians 206, 582–3
Albigenses 71
alchemy 61
Alexandria, festival of Adonis at 331
Alfai, rain-making priests at 78
Alfoors, of the Island of Buru 205
of Celebes 63, 155, 203
Algeria, midsummer fires in 729–30
Algonquins 113
Alitemnian Libyans 128
All Saints’ Day 385–6, 731
All Souls’ Day (Christian) 363, 731
All Souls’ Days world-wide 375–86 All-Hallows (All Saints’) Day 385–6, 731
Amangwe 687
Amboyna 168, 769
America (North), see Algonquins
Blackfoot Indians
Carrier Indians
Cherokees
Iroquois
Klamath
Thompson Indians
Tinneh or Deneh America (South), see Abipomes
Araucians
Aztecs
Bogota
Chiloe
Chinook
Chiquetas
Goajiros
Guarani
Huitchol
Huitzopochtli
Huitocihuatl
Ilamatecutl
Incas
Lules
Mizteks
Muyska
Peru
Paraguayas
Quetzalcoatl
Tarianas
Tzentales
Ammon 109, 523
Amoy 158
Anabis, human god at 66
Anaitis, Persian goddess 642–3, 648–9
Ancona 632–3
Ancus Marcius, Roman king 132
Andaman Islands 162
anemone 332
Angamis 231
Angoni 515
animal, killing the divine 521–53
as scapegoats 578–82
Annam, theory of immortality in 628
Apalai Indians 167
apples, bobbing of 734
Aphrodite 17, 331–4
Apis 331, 493, 523, 581
Apollo 355–6
Apollo Diradiotes, priestess of 63
Arabian Nights 764–5
Araucians of South America 200
Arawaks of Guiana 627 Arden, Forest of 110 Ardennes, effigies of the carnival at 283
Lenten fires and customs in the French
Aricia (Ariccia) 3–4
many Manii at 16, 510
Armenia 190
Artemis, see Diana
Aru Islands 656 Arunta of Central Australia 31 Aryans, and the worship of the oak 750–6, 757
Ash Wednesday 283 Ashantis 36, 125
see also Tchi-speaking peoples Ashurbanipal, King 657
Assam 86, 141 association of ideas 27–8 Assumption of the Virgin, festival of 13, 363
Astarte, Babylonian goddess 18, 331, 349
Arthamas, King of Alus 262–3
Atai 775
Athens: Easter Fire at 715–16
female kinship at 126
King and Queen of 22
public scapegoat at 599
sacrifice of ox at 479
Atkhan of the Aleutian Islands 558
Atonement, Jewish Feast of 580
Attica, Feast of Adonis at 332
Attis: and Cybele 20
his relation to Lityerses 449
human representatives of 352–5
killed by a boar 346
and Marsyas 355–6
myth and ritual of 346–54, 358–60
and the pig 386–7
Atua 517
Aurora, New Hebrides 776
Australia: cannibalism in 516
contagious magic in 48
expulsion of demons in 570
external soul in 782–5
magic practised but religion unknown in 31
magical ceremonies in the spring 298
notion of the soul in 154
and teeth 38
transfer of evil in 557–8
Austria 459
see also Perchen
Tyrol Aztecs 503–6, 607–30 passim, 770
Babylon: festival of the Sacaea at 251–3
festival of the Zagmuk in 251–3, 642–3
sanctuary of Bel at 108
theocratic despotism in ancient 74 Bacchanals of Thrace, tore Pentheus to pieces 401
Bacchic frenzy 400–1
Bacchus or Dionysus, see Dionysus
Bacon, Francis 41
Badagas of the Neilgherry Hills 501 Badonsachen, King of Burma 68 Baganda of Uganda 66, 100, 229, 538, 559, 565, 686, 772
Bagba, a wind fetish 136
Bagobos of Minandao 356
Bailly, J. S., French astronomer 337
Balder, and the mistletoe 751–6
the myth of 706–9
Balder’s balefires 752
Bangala of the Upper Congo 202, 414
Banks’ Islands: immortality in 628
tabooed names in 205
Banyoro (Bunyoro) of Uganda 133
Bara County, Madagascar 164
Barea of East Africa 78 Bari of the Upper Nile 78 Barley, oldest cereal cultivated by the Ayrans 399
Barabbas 670–4
Barotsé 412
Basutos 38, 102, 140
Bataks of Sumatra 101
Bavaria: ‘Carrying out Death’ in 281
expulsion of witches in 576–7
green bushes placed at the door of newly married couples in 88
harvest customs in 438–9
the May-pole in 90
Midsummer Fires in 723–4
Whitsuntide mummers in Lower 316
bear, killing the sacred 524–34
Beauce and Perche, France 40, 480 Bechuanas of Southern Africa 169 Bede on the succession of the Pictish kings 127
Beena marriage 122
Bekes of Hungary 604
Beltane fires 716–22, 744
cakes 717
carline 720 Benares, Hindoo gentleman worshipped as a god at 70
Bengal, tigers at 536
Benin, human sacrifices at 445
Bethlehem, Star of 344–5
Bhotiyas of Juhar 579 Bhuiyahs of India 250 Bilaspur or Bilaspore, twirling of spindles forbidden in 33
Blackfoot Indians 34, 112, 541
Boar and Adonis 303–4
Attis killed by 347
corn-spirit as 471–4
Boas, Dr Franz 653
Bodia, Fetish King 144, 151–2 Bogle, George 578 Bogota, rigorous training of heir to the throne in 683
Bohemia, May-Queen in 95
bonfires 706–50
leaping over 727
Boni, Count of 252
Bordeaux, parliament of 194 Bouphonia, Athenian sacrifice 358, 479 Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, the Hindoo trinity 48
brains of enemies eaten 516–18
Brand, John 736
Braspati 58
bread, communion 510
eaten
sacramentally 498–511
offered 504 Brethren and Sisters of the Free Spirit 71
Breton peasants and the mistletoe 797
Bride, the Whitsuntide 96–7
name given to the last sheaf 423–4 Bride and Bridegroom: the May 97
the Midsummer, all knots and garments loosed 194–8
the Whitsuntide 96–7
bringing in Summer 288–92
Britanny: Feast of All Souls in 380–1
Midsummer fires in 725–6
Brunswick 702
Buddhism and Christianity 364–5
Buddhist Lent 638 Bruges, Feast of All Souls in 381 bull: corn-spirit as 467–70, in relation to Dionysus 399
see also Apis
Bulls Sacred, of Egypt, see Apis
Mnevis
Burma, divine king in 68
burying the Carnival 280–5
Busiris, King of Egypt 450
buzzard, killing the Sacred 521–2
Byblus, Adonis at 18, 305
Osiris and Isis at 338–9 Byron, Lord 453.
Caesar, Julius 10, 745 Caffres, the 129–30 Calabar: belief regarding external souls in 771, 779
expulsion of the demons at Old; 579
fetish king of 150 Calicut, rule of succession observed by the kings at 246–9 California, killing the sacred buzzard in 521–2
masked dancers in 595
Caligula and the Priest of Nemi 10, 13
Cambodia: Festival of the Dead in 380
human incarnation of the god in 64
kings of 78, 232, 255
seclusion of girls at puberty in 695
Cambridge, corn-mother in 421
Cambridgeshire, contagious magic in 42
Cameroons, the external soul in 771
camphor 34, 35
cannibalism 515–17
Cape Coast Castle 574
caprification 601–2
Carabas 671–2
Caribs 512
carnival, burying the 634–8
in relation to the Saturnalia 635 Carpanthus, fear of portraiture in 165 Carrier Indians of North America 542, 700
‘Carrying out Death’ 589–90, 711–12
Cassange 250
cat, as corn-spirit 462–3
Catholic Church, see All Saints
All Souls
Assumption
Bread
Christmas
Easter
Manning
Mary
St John
Transubstantiation Catullus 350 Celebes 769–70 Ceram, sickness expelled by ship from 577
Chaeronea 599–60
Charles II of England 133
chastity, as abstract virtue 105
for sake of crops 104–5
Cheremiss of the Caucasus 500–1
Cherokees 512, 533, 537, 544
Chiloe Indians 200
China, emperors of 23
incarnate gods in 73
Chinook Indians 213
Chins 570
Chios, king of 22 Chiquetes Indians of Paraguay 543 Chitomé or Chitombé, a pontiff of Congo 137, 232
Chittagong 192
Christ, his crucifixion 666–76
his influence 676
his nativity 344–5, 330 Christian festivals displace heathen festivals, see All Saints
All Souls
Assumption
Christmas
Easter
St John Christianity: and Buddhism 364–5
its conflict with the Mithraic religion 360–2
with the cult of Attis 363–4 Christians, pretenders to divinity among 71–3 Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion 361–2
heathen origin of 734 Cinteotl, Aztec God of the Maize 614 Cinyras, father of Adonis 305, 309, 315–18 Coast Murring tribe of New South Wales 787
cock, corn-spirit as 459–62
Columba, St 70
Communion bread 500 Communion of the deity by eating new fruits 500
Compitalia, festival of 510
contagious magic, see magic
continence, see chastity
Corea (Korea): expulsion of evil in 578
king not to be touched 181
women not to touch the ground 684 Corfu, May festivals at 90 corn-spirit: as a bull, cow, or an ox 467–70
as a cat 462–3
as a cock 459–62
as a horse or mare 470–1
as a pig 471–4
as a wolf or a dog 456–9
Cornwall, temporary king in 258
Cos, king of 22
sanctuary of Aesculapius at 83
Costa Rica 684
Creek Indians 508, 512
Crevaux, J. 167
Cronus, his grave 224
Saturnalia and 639–40
‘crying the neck’ in Devonshire 452
Cumont, Professor Franz 632
Cybele, mother of the gods 319
worship of 347–8
Cyprus, Adonis in 310–14
sacred prostitution in 315
Daedala, festival 111, 754
Dahomey, king of 140, 213
Dalai Lama of Lhasa 72
Danaë, story of 698
Dances: at the burial of the Wren 550–3
to encourage men away fighting 36
of the Perchen 595–8
round the Maypole 90–1
of the Salii at Rome 592–4 Danger Island, snares for the souls in 159 Danish magic of the footprints 44 Danzig, last sheaf of the harvest at 437
Darfur, Sultan of 241 Dasius, martyrdom of St 632–3 date-palm, artificial fertilization of 84–5 dead: appear to the living in dreams 546–7
names of tabooed 206–10
reappearance at feasts of All Souls 375–86 death, pretence of ‘carrying out’ 589–90, 711–12
custom of covering the mirrors after 163
Demeter: etymology of her name 417
her effigy at Eleusis 410
married to Zeus at Eleusis 111
and Persephone 405–10 in relation to the pig 488
Dendereh, temple of Osiris at 450
Departmental kings of nature 77–81
Devonshire, harvest customs in 450
Diana 9
goddess of childbirth 14
goddess of fertility 14–16
the Tauric 13–14
‘Diana’s Mirror’ 9, 808
Dieri of Central Australia 699
Dinkas 237–9 Diodorus Siculus 450 Dionysus: animals rent in the rites of 398–9
as a bull 399, 79–80
as a goat 477–80
god of agriculture and of the corn 397
god of the trees 397
his grave at Delphi 224, 397
relation to Pans, Satyrs, and Silenuses 477
and the winnowing fan 397
disease: demons of, expelled 567–71
sent away in ships 577–9
transferred to things 557–9
divination, at Hallowe’en 734–5
divine animal, killing of the 521–54
as a scapegoat 581–2 divine man, as a scapegoat 582–6 divinity of kings, growth in the conception of 60–2, 77–8 divorce of spiritual from temporal power 150–2
dramas, magical 651–6
origin of in ritual 651–3
Dravidian tribe of India 60
Dreams, absence of the soul in 156–9
belief in the reality of 547–8
drinking and eating, taboos on 170–1
Druids 83, 750–5
Durostorum, Saturnalia in 632–3
Dusseldorf, Shrove Tuesday fires 712 Dyaks of Borneo 29, 30, 156, 378, 514, 654–5
Feast of All Souls among 378
Transfer of evil by 560
East Indian islands, epilepsy transferred to leaves in 558 Easter: assimilated to the Spring festival of Attis 362–3
controversy concerning the origin of 363–4
resemblance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis 343–1
Easter Eve: candle 712
ceremonies at 712
fires 712–16
eating, taboos concerning 170–1
eating the god 498–510
Edda, Older or Poetic 707
Younger of Prose 706
Egbas, of Yorubaland 243 Egeria, the water-nymph 14, 114–15 Egypt: bulls sacrificed in 331, 493, 523, 581
confusion of magic and religion in 48–9
human gods in 66, 74
human sacrifices in 450–1
rams sacred in 523
reapers’ lamentations and invocations to Isis in 388
religious attitudes to pigs in 472
sacrifice of red-haired men in 450–1
Eleusinian mysteries 111, 406–8
Elipandus of Toledo 70 Encounter Bay tribe 208, 698 England: anointing the weapon rather than the wound in 42
harvest customs 452
killing the wren in 550–1
May-trees and May-bushes in 88–9
Plough Monday ceremonies in 552–3
the Yule log in 737–8
Ephesus, shrine of Diana at 18
epilepsy, transferred to leaves 751
Epitherses 225
Ergamenes, king of Meroe 233
Esther, Book of 644–7
Esquimaux 33, 292–3
of Alaska 571
of Baffin Island 572
of Bering Strait 164
Feasts of All Souls among 376
of St Michael 376
Essex, contagious magic in 42
Ethiopia, kings of 241 Eucharist, analogies to 498–510 Euhemerism, rival schools of thought concerning 656
eunuch priests 347–8
evil: transference of, to animals 580–2
to men 561–3
to things 557–61
evils tranference of, mediate 577–84
immediate 567–77 Ewe-speaking peoples of Gold Coast (Ghana) and Togo
flesh diet among 513
sacred prostitution among 322–4
taboos observed by kings 140
exogamy 122
Eyeos 242–3 Ezekiel, the Prophet 304
face, of human scapegoat painted half white, half black, 584
of a sleeper not to be painted or disfigured 156–7
Fans of Gabon 512, 772, 777
Fantees 125–6
Fazoqul (Blue Nile) 233
Feasts of All Souls 375–86 fern-seed 798 Fernando Po, taboos observed by the kins of 139
Fez, temporary kings in 257–8
fig, artificial fertilization of 601–2
fig-tree sacred 83
Fiji 149
absence of the soul in dreams in 156
customs at cutting the king’s hair in 188
drama of birth and resurrection in 789–90
Finistère 725
corn-wolf in 459 Finland, cattle protected by woodland spirits in 107 Finnish-Ugrian peoples, sacred groves among 83
fire, the god of 626–7
and water, Kings of 79–80 fire-festivals: Beltane, Midsummer 722–30
burning of men and women in
fire-festivals 744–9
Easter 712–16
the Lenten 710–12
first-fruits 498–510 passim
Flamen Dialis 120, 143–4
Flaminica 120
flight of the king, at Rome 130–1
Florence, Easter fire in 713–14 Framin, dance of the women at 36 Frigg, the Norse goddess, and Balder 706 Frosisone in Latium, burning of an effigy of the Carnival at 281–2
Gallas 67, 87
kings of the 23, 213
theory of immortality among 628–9 Galli, the emasculated priests of Attis 347–8
gardens of Adonis 337–45
Gaul, ancient, human sacrifices in 745
the mistletoe in 750–1
Gazelle Peninsula 205
Germany: contagious magic in 39, 43
the corn-mother in 417
Easter fires in 712
the harvest cock in 459
harvest customs in 440–1
Lenten fires in 710
Midsummer fires in 723–1
the Yule log in 737
Getae, human god among 66
king and priest at 149
giants, wicker-work 745
Gilyaks, bear sacrifice among 529–30
Girgito, king of 147
Gippsland, Victoria 203
girls, seclusion of at puberty 686–705
Goajiros of Columbia 207
goat: corn-spirit as 463–4
and Pallas Athene 477
in relation to Dionysus 472–8
as a scapegoat 482
gods: human beings as incarnate 60–76
killing the 223–521 passim
killed in animal form 521–4
killing of the, in Mexico 607–29
mortality of 223–7 goddesses: personated by women in Mexico 616–25
in relation to mother-kin 390–5
Gonds of India 447, 582
Gran Chaco, Indians of 229
Grand Bassam (Ivory Coast) 481
Grass King, the 94 Grebo people of Siera Leone 144 Greece: custom at laying the foundation of a new building 162
Easter fires in 715–16
the Eleusinian mysteries in 111, 406–8
priestly kings at 22–3
tree worship in 83
scapegoats in 598–602
see also Adonis
Aphrodite
Athena
Bouphonia
Demeter
Dionysus, Perspehone
Zeus
Green Wolf, brotherhood of the 727–8
Greenland 224
Grimm, Jacob 82–3 Guarani Indians 690
Hadrian, Emperor 11
Haida Indians 17, 154
hair used in magic 17, 154
disposal of cut 187
external soul in 768
strength bound up with 768–9 Hallowe’en: and Beltane the two chief festivals of the Celts 730–1
divination at 734–5
fires at 731–4
witches, fairies, and hobgoblins let loose at 733
see also All Souls’ Days
Haman 658–60, 663–5
Hamlet 127
Hanover: Leaf King in 94
need-fire at 741–2
hare, corn-spirit as 470–1 Harran, human sacrifices in 451 harvest customs: corn-mother and maiden at 417–34 passim
corn-spirit as various animals at 455–97 passim
rough-handling of reapers 437–8
rough-handling of stranger or master at 448–9
Harz Mountains 42
Hausa story of the external soul 767
hawks revered by the Ainos 530 head: of the horse in the Roman sacrifice to Mars 494–7
prohibition to touch the 186–7
heart eaten to acquire knowledge 513–14
heaven, between earth and 679–86
Queen of 388–9
Hebrew prophets, as Holy Men 327
Hebrides, Beltane fire in 721
Heraculi 231
Hercynian forest 82
Hermes, Cretan festival of 639
Hidatsa Indians 84
Hierapolis 349, 486 Hilaria, festival of joy 350–1 Hindoo Koosh, temporary possession in 64
Hindoos 29–30, 85, 271, 340
Hippolyus 14–20
Hoensbroech, Count von 510
Holland, Whitsuntide in 94
homoeopathic magic, see magic
horse: corn-spirit as 470–1
exclusion from the Arician grove 17
Hippolytus killed by 17
sacrificed in Arician grove 493–5
Virbius and the 493–7
Hos of West Africa 195
Hother, the blind God and Balder 706
Hottentots 44, 224
house, taboos at building 162
Howitt, A. W. 38
Huitchol Indians of Mexico 509 Huitzilopochtli or Vitzilipuztli, Aztec God 505, 508, 611–12 Huixtocihuatl, Aztec goddess of salt 612–13
human sacrifices, see sacrifice
Humbe, Angola 137
hunting the wren 550–1
hunters: chastity on behalf of 35–7
luck spoiled by menstruous women 703
propitiation of wild animals by 532–48
taboos observed for 179–80
Huzuls of the Carpathians 33
Hymn to Demeter, the Homeric 405–7 hymns to Tammuz 303
Ibos (Igbos) of Nigeria 681, 778–9 Iddah, divinity claimed by the king of 68
Ilamatecutli, Aztec goddess 615–16 Iluvans of Malabar 682 images: colossal, filled with human beings and burnt 745
vicarious use of 28–9 immortality, universal doctrine of 546–8 impregnation of women by the sun 697–9 incarnation: of divine spirit in Shilluk kings 235–6
examples of permanent 65–71
examples of temporary 62–5
of gods in human form 60–76
India, see Bengal
Benares
Bhuiyahs
Bilaspoor
Chittagong
Gonds
Hindoo Koosh
Hindoos
Kali
Kristna
Kumis
Kuruvikharans
Malabar
Manu
Mirzapoor
Parati
Siva
Todas
Travancore
Ireland: Hallowe’en divination in 734–5
hunting the wren in 550–1
Midsummer fires in 728
old kings, might not have any blemish 241
taboos observed by the kings in ancient 141
woman burnt as a witch in 54
iron tabooed 181–2 Iroquois, the 84, 580 Ishtar, the great Babylonian goddess 302–3 Isis: a corn-goddess 388–9, dirge of 437
her many names 387
her discovery of the wheat and barley 367
as a magician 58, 225
popularity of her worship in the Roman Empire 389
resemblance to the Virgin Mary 389
sister and wife of Osiris 366–70
Isle of Man, hunting the wren in 550
old New Year’s Day in 731 Israelites, slaughter of firstborn by 266–9
their holy men 327
see also Christ
Esther
Passover
Purim, Semites Italones, the 517 Italy, resemblance between the Carnival of modern and the Saturnalia of
ancient 634–8 Itonamas of South America 154
Jalno of Llasa, Tibet 582–3 Japan: bear festival of the Aino in 524–9
expulsion of demons in 569
the Mikado of 680 Java: custom when child is first set on the ground 155
rice-mother in 431
sexual intercourse to promote the growth of the rice in 99
temporary kings in 249
Jerome on the worship of Adonis 344–5
of Prague 86
Jerusalem, Easter fire at 714–15
mourning for Tammuz at 304
Jews: attitude to the pig 387–8
use of scapegoats 482
see also Christ
Esther
Israelites
Passover
Purim
Semites
jinn 765
Java, Straits of 765–6
Julian, the Emperor 82
Julii 117
Julius Caesar 10, 745
Juno 119
as Moneta 119 Jupiter, Roman kings in the character of 116
and Dionysus, father of Zagreus 398 Jutland, superstitions regarding the parasitic rowan in 795
Kai, tribe of New Guinea 604
Kaikolans, a Tamil people 321–2
Kali, Indian goddess 63
Kamants 230
Kamtchatkans, the 538
Kara-Kirghiz, the 88
Karens of Burma 101, 143, 157
Karla 209
Karo-Bataks of Sumatra 158
Kau Indians (Brazil) 595
Kayans of Borneo 514, 595, 681
Kei Islands, magical telepathy in 35
treatment of the navel-string in 40 Ketchi Indians of Guatamala 100 Kentucky, pretender to Christhood in 71–2
Khasis, mother-kin among 391
Khonds, the 594
killing the god 223–554
in Mexico 607–29
killing the divine animal 521–55
killing the tree-spirit 273–99 Kimba, reverence for the snake 536 king: the killing of the divine 228–53, his life sympathetically bound up
with the prosperity of the country 228
sacrifice of his son 261–70
King Hop 255–6
of Rain and Storm 79–80
of Sacred Rites in Rome 22
of the Wood at Nemi 3, 232–4
of the Years at Lhassa 583–5
king and queen, at Athens 22
at Whitsuntide 96–7
of May 97
kings: divinity of Roman 116–19
dying by deputy 257–60
killed at the end of a set term 245–51
killed when their strength fails 232–43
paternity of 122–33
priestly 22–5
taboos observeds by 134–52
temporary 254–60
Kingsley, Mary 150
Kiowa Indians 208
Kirghiz 128, 205, 698
Kiziba 414
Klamath Indians of Oregon 211 knives, taboos concerning 181–2 knots: thought to prevent consummation at marriage 194–8
untied at childbirth 191–3
used to cure disease, win a lover, to stop a runaway 195
Kobong (totem) in Australia 784
Koryaks, the 129, 231, 573
Koschei the Deathless 761–2 Kostroma, funeral of, in Russia 294 Kostrubonko, death and resurrection of 294
Krishna 70
Kublai Khan 184
Kudulu 445
Kukulu, priestly king 136
Kumis of South-east India 568
Kunama, the 78
Kunai of Victoria 161, 782 Kuruvikkarans of Southern India 63 Kwakiutl Indians (British Columbia) 537, 768
Lagos, human sacrifice at 445
Lagrange, Father 334
Lama of Tibet, the Grand 583–4
laments for Osiris 435–6
for Tammuz 303 language, change of, caused by taboo 204–10
Lanquerinos, the 100
Lapps 191
Latium, ancient, woods of 82–3
sucession to the Kingdom in 122–33
Le Mole, on the Lake of Nemi 14
Leaf King 94
leaping to make the crops grow 591–6
over bonfires 724
Lengua Indians 229, 545, 690
Lenten fires 710–12 Leschiy, Russian nature spirit 107 Leti, island of, marriage of the Sun and the Earth in 99
Lesbos, corn-spirit in 462 Leucadians 599–600 lightning, imitation of, by kings 118–19
strikes the oak more often than any other tree 801
Lille, oak-spirit at 471
Linus, Phoenician vintage song 436
Lithuania: eating the new corn in 498
harvest customs in 439
May-day in 933
Lithuanians 552
Lityerses 434–54
Loango: food tabooed to priests in 171
king of 68, 101
taboos observed by the kings in 139 Logan, W. 276 Loki and Balder 706 ‘Love Chase’ among the Kirghiz 128 Lucian 18 Lules or Tonocotes of the Gran Chaco 570
Lubeck 705 Lyosura 197 Lycurgus, king of the Thracian Edonians 401 Luxembourg, Lenten fires in 711
M’Carthy, Sir Charles, eaten by the Ashantees 516 Macusis of Guyana 693 Madagascar: fear of being photographed in 164
king of, as high priest 23
names of kings and chiefs tabooed 215
propitiation of the crocodile 533–4
taboo on mentioning personal name in 201
Madonna and Isis compared 389
Madura, inspired mediums in 64
magic: the Age of 55
contagious 37–15
homoeopathic or imitative 28–37
movement of thought from magic through religion to science 805–6
positive and negative 33
principles of 27–8
and religion 46–55
and science 45–6
theoretical and practical 33
universality of the belief in 54
Magondi, a Mashona Chief 67
maiden, corn and corn-mother 417–34
maize, goddess of in Mexico 618–24 Malabar, cows as scapegoats in 581
custom of the Thalavettiparothian in 249–50
Malays 34, 155
Mamurius Veturius 591–3 Man, Isle of 731 mana 49 Maneros, chant of the Egyptian reapers 435–6
Mangaia 148, 229
Manii in Aricia 16, 510
Manipur, fertility rites in 100
Rajah of, and his scapegoat 562
Mannhardt, Wilhelm 417
Manning, Cardinal 70
Manu, laws of 69, 702
Maori chiefs 174–5, 186 Maoris 85, 174–5, 176 Marduk or Merodach, Chief God of Babylon 643
Mare, corn-spirit as 470–1 Marimos, Bechuana tribe 445 Marquesas or Washington Islands, human gods in 665 marriage of trees 85
consummation of, prevented by knots 194–8
the Sacred 98–113
Mars and the October horse 495–7
and the scapegoat 591–3 Marseilles (Marsila), human scapegoats at 599 Marsyas, his musical contest with Apollo 355–6
perhaps a double of Attis 355–6
Mashona of Southern Africa 67, 140
‘Mass of the Holy Spirit’ 51
‘Mass of Saint Sécaire’ 51
Mata Kodou, kings of the Rain 78
Matabele, the 23, 67
Matacos or Mataguayos, the 692
Matronalia 636
Matse of Togo 559
May Bride 95–7
May bushes 88–90
May-pole 91–3, 524
Mecklenburg, harvest customs in 442
magic in 43
Meleager 759
mengap, Dyak dance-drama 653
Meroe, Egyptian kings of 233
Mexico, harvest customs in 441
killing the God in 607–29
Mikado of Japan 134–6, 147–8, 173, 680 Miklucho-Maclay, Baron 169 milkmen of the Todas sacred or divine 69 Minahassa, ceremony of house-warming in 769
Miotse of China 559
mirrors, superstitions concerning 163
Mirzapur, transfer of evil in 561
mistletoe, Balder and the 750–6; 734
and the Golden Bough 796–800
Mithra, Persian deity 360–2
Mizteks of Mexico 377 Mnevis, sacred Egyptian bull 582 Mohammedans, celebration of Midsummer festival by 729–30
Moloch, sacrifice of children to 266
Moluccas, abduction of soul in 159 Mombasa, king of 68 Mongolia, story of the external soul in 765–6 Mongols 207 Monumbo of New Guinea, sacred dramas among 653–4
Montanus the Phrygian 70
Montezuma, king of Mexico 74, 680
Morbihan, mistletoe in 797 Mordecai 661, 663–5
Morocco, annual temporary king in 257–8
Midsummer fires in 729–30
Moses 702
mother-kin (matriliny) 390–5
Motu of New Guinea 201
Motumotu 201
Mpongwe of Gabon 414
mummers, Whitsuntide 275–80
Mundaris of Assam 86
Mundas of Bengal 88, 339
murderers, taboos enacted against 176–8
Murring people (Australia) 38 Muysca Indians of Colombia 74 mysteries, Eleusinian, see Eleusinian mysteries
Naga 229
names tabooed 199–216
of the dead 205–16
of kings and other sacred persons 213–16
personal 199–204
of relations 204–5 Namvulu Vumu, King of the Rain and Storm 78 Nandi of East Africa 102, 423–4, 515–16, 518 Nanumea, island, precautions against strangers in 167 Narcissus and his reflection 163 Natchez Indians of North America 178 ‘neck’, crying the, in Devonshire
452
need-fire 740–4
Nemi: at evening 808
priest of Diana at 11–12
sacred grove of 9–15 Nephthys, sister of Osiris 367 New Britain, avoidance of the wife’s mother in 161–2 New Guinea: change in language caused by fear of naming the dead in 210–
11
continence observed during turtle season in 180
girls secluded at puberty in 688–90
leavings of food destroyed in 171–2
purification of man-slayers in 178–9 New Ireland 688 New South Wales, drama of resurrection at initiation in 787–9
New Year, the Celtic 385–6, 730–1 New Zealand, human scapegoats in 562
sanctity of chiefs in mana in 174–5, 186 Nias, belief in demons of trees in 86
supersitition as to personal names in 199
theory of immortality in 628 Nicaragua, Indians of 100 Nicobar Islands, changes in the language caused by fear of naming the dead
in 211
custom of the mourners in the 209
Niederporing, Lower Bavaria 274
Nigeria, see Benin
Egbas
Hausa
Ibo
Lagos
Old Calabar
Oyo
Yoruba
Nonae Caprotinae 602 Normandy, burial of Shrove Tuesday in 284
Norrland, midsummer fires in 727–8
Norway, corn-mother in 418
harvest customs in 439
Nubas of Jebel-Nuba 78
Numa 121
Nut, mother of Osiris 366
Nyakang, first of Shilluk kings 236–7 Nyanza, lake, incarnate god of 67
oak: human representatives perhaps burned at midsummer festivals 754
life of, in the mistletoe, supposed to bloom on midsummer eve 796–8
the principal sacred tree of the Ayrans 754
struck by lightning oftener than any other tree 802
the worship of 753–1 Oakwood, used for the Yule log 737
used to kindle Beltane fires, the need-fire, and midsummer fires 754
October horse sacrificed in Rome 495–7
Odin: Balder’s father 706
human sacrifices to 355
sacrifice of king’s sons to 261
Oedipus’s incest 103
Ojebway Indians 28, 44
Old Calabar, see Calabar
Oldenburg, in Holstein 712 Olympia races for the kingdom at 128 Onitsha, ceremony of eating the New Yams at 504 Oraons of Bengal 113, 339 Orchomenus in Boetia, human sacrifes at 263
Orestes at Nemi 13
Oriental religions in the West 358–65 Orinoco, Indians of the 541 Orissa, Queen Victoria worshipped as a deity in 70
Osiris 48, 225
Adonis, Attis, and pig 488
as a corn-spirit 449–51
the myth of 366–74
the ritual of 375–60
sacrifice of red-haired men to 450
Ostiaks, the 538
Ot Danoms of Borneo 167, 688
Ovambo of South-West Africa 85, 514
Ovid 10, 14
ox, corn-spirit as 467–70
sacrificed at the Bouphonia 479–80 Oyo, King of, among the Yorubas 243
Padron, Cape 136–7
Paganism and Christianity 358–65
Pan, death of the great 225–6 Panes, festival of 521–2 Paphos in Cyprus, religious prostitution at 312–13
sanctuary of Aphrodite at 305–10 Papuans of Finsch Haven 201 Parilia, the Roman festival of shepherds 363 parrot, external soul of warlock in 757–8 Parthian monarchs, brothers of the sun 74 Parvati and Siva, marriage of the images of 295–6 Passes (Brazil) 519
Passover, crucifixion, Purim and the 668–70
origins of 268–9 Patagonia, remedy for smallpox in 570 paternity a matter of indifference under female kinship 124–5
Paton, W. R. 601–3
Pausanias 13
Payaguas of South America 231
Peking, life of tree in 773
Pelew Islands, mother-kin in 773
Pennant, Thomas 719
Pentheus, King of Thebes 401
Pepys, Samuel 133
Percha 595–6
Perchten mummers 596–8
Perils of the Soul 153–65
permanent possession 65–76
Persephone 405–10
Persia, festival of fire 740
temporary kings in 260
Perthshire, Beltane fires in 719
Hallowe’en in 733
Peru, Indians of 112, 427, 443
mother-kin in 427 Peruvians, ancient 28 Pessinus: high-priests perhaps slain in the character of Attis at 353–t
local legend of Attis at 346
priestly kings at 23
Phaedra and Hippolytus 15–17
Philo of Byblus 265 photography, fear of 164–5
Picts, female descent of kingship among 127 Pieta 343 pigs: reasons for not eating the flesh of 487–8
in relation to Adonis 486–7
in relation to Attis 386–7
in relation to Demeter 483–4
sacrificed to Osiris 488
sacrificed at the Thesmophoria 483–4
Pilate, Pontius 670
pine, Attis killed by 346 Pirua, granary or maize 427–9 plants, sexes of, external soul in 770–4
Plataea, festival of the Daedala in 111
Pliny the Elder 20, 41, 702, 750–1
Plough Monday, rites of 553–4
Plutarch 599
Poland, corn-mother in 418
corn-wolf in 459 pollution and holiness not differentiated 487–8
Polynesia, taboos in 217
Pomerania, harvest custom in 443
Ponape, Caroline Islands, king of 152 Porto Novo 151 pretenders to divinity amongst Christians 70–1 primitive ritual defined 425–6 princesses married to foreigners or men of low birth 125–7 processions with bear from house to house 529–30, 552–3
with wren 550–1
prophets, Hebrew, as Holy Men 327–8
prostitution: amongst the Ewe 322–5
in the ancient Near East 326–8
in India 321–2
reason for 326
relevance to the sonship of gods 328–30
rival theory of 321
sacred before marriage 17–18, 312–13 Provence, mock execution of the Caramantran on Ash Wednesday in 283
puberty, girls secluded at 686–95
initiatory rites at 785–93
Punchkin and the Parrot, story of 757–8 Purim, Jewish festival 644–7
in relation to Christ’s crucifixion 666–70 Pygmalion, King of Cyprus 316
Queen of Athens married to Dionysus 22
of May 97
of Whitsuntide 96–7 Quetzalcoatl, Mexican god 508, 610–11, 781 Quilicare, suicide of the kings of 245–6
Quirinus, sanctuary of, at Rome 773 Quiteve, the King of Sofala 240
race, succession to the kingdom determined by a for a bride 128
Rali, the fair, in India 295–6
Ramsay, John 716
Raratonga, in the Pacific 39
Ratzeburg 442
reaping-matches 437
of Lityerses 436 recall of the soul 154–60
red-haired men sacrificed by ancient Egyptians 450 reflection, the soul identified with 160
in water, supposed dangers of 162–3
regicide 228–53
regifugium at Rome 130–1 reincarnation of animals 545–6 relations, of the dead take new names for fear of the ghost 209–12
names of tabooed 204–6
religion: Age of 55
defined 45
and magic 45–59
transition from magic to 56–7, 805
religions, Oriental in the West 358–63
Renan, Ernest 337
resurrection: of Adonis 330–3
of Attis 350–1
of Dionysus 397–8, 403-–1
of the effigy of Death 286–7
of Kostrubonko 293
of Osiris 271–3
of Persephone 406–7
ritual of death and 785–93
of the tree-spirit 274–7
Rex Nemorensis, see King of the Wood
Rex Sacrificius, in Rome 22
rice: bride and bridegroom 431–2
mother 430
the new, ceremonies at eating of 501–1 Ride of the Beardless One, Persian ritual 662–4
in connection with Barrabas 672–3
Roanake Island 209 Rome: annual sacrifice of the October horse in 495–7
festival of the Compitalia in 510
Festival of Joy (Hilaria) in 350–1
human scapegoats in ancient 591–6
kings of 114–23
Phrygian mother of the gods brought into 347
Regifugium at 130–1
the Sacrifical King at 22
Saturnalia at 630–5
succession to the kingdom of 122–33
Romulus 83
Romulus or Remulus, King of Alba 118
Rowan parasitic 795–6
royalty, the burden of 134–52
Russia: ceremony of Yarilo in 293–4
corn-mother in 420
funeral ceremonies of Kostrubonko in 292–4
harvest customs in 478
religious suicide in 244
St George’s day in 93
slaughter of the first-born in 270
story of the external soul in 761–3
treatment of effigy of Kupalo in 293
Sacaea, Babylonian festival: and the crucifixion of Christ 666–70
description of 251–3
and the
Saturnalia 642–5
sacrament: defined 504
of the first-fruits 498–509
types of animal 549 sacrifice: of children among the Semites 673–5
of Christ 66–75
defined 504
of the first-fruits 504
human, for the crops 443–9
of the King’s son 261–6 sacrificial king at Rome, see Rex Sacrificius Saddle Island (Melanesia) 163 Saghalien, facilitating childbirth in 193
St Andrews, witch burned at 196
St Dasius, martyrdom of, see Dasius St George, festival of 363 St John the Baptist: bathing on his day 341–2
Midsummer festival of, in Sardinia 341
Midsummer fires on day of 722–7
sweethearts of 341
Saint Secaire, Mass of 51
Salzburg, corn-spirit in 421 Samarcand, temporary king in 256–7 Samorin, title of the kings of Calicut 256–7 Samoyed shams, their familiar spirits 774
Samoyeds of Siberia 207
Sampson, Agnes, a Scotch witch 562 San Pelligrino, church of, see Ancona Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), the king personating the god in the 62 Sankara in Nepal 160 Santals, their belief in the absence of the soul in dreams 156
Sarawak 35
Sardanapalus 657–8
Sardinia, gardens of Adonis in 341 sweethearts of St John at midsummer in 341–2
Saturn, the god of the sewing 630–1
his festival of the Saturnalia 630–4 Saturnalia: and the crucifixion of Christ 666–74
the Greek 639–42
the Roman 630–4
in Western Asia 642–65
Saxo Grammaticus 127, 707
Saxony: ‘Carrying out Death’ in 287
corn-mother in 473
Whitsuntide mummers in 275–6
scapegoats: animal 579–80
Christ as a 666–76
divine 582–6
in general 587–90
human 563–7, 581
Jewish 580
science, and magic 45–6, 805
and religion 805
Scotland: Beltane fires in 719
and Celtic New Year 730–1
corn-maiden in 422–3
corn-spirit as old wife and maiden 424
Hallowe’en fires 733
see also Perthshire
Selemnus, River 559
Seligmann, Dr C. G. 234
Seminale Indians 508
Semites 265–7, 673–4
Servius Tullius, Roman king 123 Set or Typhon, brother of Osiris 367 sexes, intercourse of, its influence upon vegetation 98–105 Seyf el-Mulook 764–5 shadow, built into the foundation of edifices 162
the soul identified with 160–1
Shans of Burma 445, 567
Shetland, midsummer fires in 739
Shilluk 234–7
Shropshire, Feast of All Souls in 383
Shrove Tuesday 280–3
bear 552
Shuswap Indians 161
Siam, king may not be touched 181
kings of 69, 357, 680 Siaoo, belief in sylvan sprits in 85 Sibyl of Cumae, the, and the Golden Bough 13, 796
wanting to die 704 Sicily gardens of Adonis in 341 Sikkim, fear of cameras in, King of 148, 164 Silenuses, minor deities associated with Dionysus 477 Silesia: bringing in Summer in 285; ‘Carrying out Death in’ 286–7
harvest customs in 456–7
Lenten fires in 711
Silvii, family names of Alba 117
similarity in magic, law of 26
sins, transference of, see evil Sirius, the Dog-star 388–9 Siva and Pârvîti, marriage of the images of 295–6
skins: diseases of 628
of human victims in Mexico 626–8
shedding of giving rise to ideas of immortality 628–9 slaves, licence enjoyed at Saturnalia 631–3 Slavonia, stories of the external soul in 761–3
Slavonians, South 88 Sofala, king of, put to death 240–3 Sogamosa or Sogamoza, heir to the throne not allowed to see the sun 684 Solomon Islands, expulsion of sickness in 567
Sons of God, alleged 327–30
songs of the corn-reapers 435–6
soul: absence and recall of 154–60
in animals 774–84
the external 750–84
in folk tales 756–68
kept in totem 775–84
perils of the 153–65
in plants 771–4
in things 768–71
South Sea islands, human gods in the 66
Sparta: king not to be touched at 180
octennial tenure of kingship at 254
state sacrifices at 23
Speke, Captain J. H. 168
Spring: in Australia 298–9
ceremonies to revive nature at 273–99
the magic 296–8
Stanley, Henry, and the goat 777
Star of Bethlehem 345
the Morning or Evening 345 Stella Maris, an epithet for the Virgin Mary 389
strangers: ceremonies at the reception of 167–70
slain as representatives of the : corn-spirit 447–8
taboos on intercourse with 166–70 Stubbes, Phillip, his Anatomie of Abuses 90
Styria, corn-mother in 419
fern-seed in 798 substitutes put to death instead of kings 254–60
Suffolk, magic in 41–2, 45 Suk of East Africa 513 Sumatra: personification of the rice in 430
pregnant women not to stand at the door in 34
tigers respected in 535–6
Sumla 377
Summer, battle of with Winter 291–2
bringing in the 288–91 Sun: Mithra identified with 360–1
not to shine on girls at puberty 686–700
rule not to see the 683–5
the ultimate cooling of 807
Virbius as 15, 800
Sunda 205
Swabia: disposal of cut hair in 190
harvest customs in 467
Lenten fires in 711
Whitsuntide mummers in 275
Swahili 771 Swazieland, knots as charms in 196 Sweden: dramatic contest between Summer and Winter on Mayday in 291
harvest customs in 499
May Day bonfires in 721
midsummer bride and bridegroom in 96
midsummer fires in 724–5
parasitic rowan in 745
Yule pilgrimage in 684 Swedish kings, traces of nine years’ reign of 260
swine, see pig
sympathetic magic, see magic
Syria 194
Adonis at 305–10
Ta-uz, see Tammuz
taboo, or negative magic 33
on chiefs and kings 134–152
conceived as a dangerous physical force from which one needs to be
insulated 683
the meaning of 180–1 tabooed acts 166–73
persons 173–80, things 180–98
words 198–216 taboos on food 170–3
on blood 183–6
on hair 187–91
on the head 186–7
on hunters and fishers 179–80
on iron 182–3
on knots and rings 191–8
of names of the dead 206–13
on names of kings and other sacred persons 213–16
on names of relations 204–6
royal and priestly 173–5
on warriors 176–9
on women 175–6
Tahiti: abdication of kings in 148
king and queen of 180–1
transfer of evil in 566–7 Tamil temples, sacred prostitution in 320–2
Tammuz or Adonis 226
as a corn-spirit 334–5
laments for 303–4
the lover of Ishtar 302–4
mourned for at Jerusalem 304 Tanganyika (Tanzania), women’s part in agriculture in 148
Tangkbul Nagas of Manipur 379
Tapio, woodland god in Finland 107
Tara, capital of ancient Ireland 241
Tarianas 519
Tarquin the Elder 132
Tartars, the Buddhist 72
Tatius, King of Rome 132
Taunton 197
Tauric Diana 13–14
Tchi (Twi)-speaking peoples 325–6
see also Ashanti
Telugu, transfer of Evil in 562
temporary incarnation of gods 62–5
Tepehuanes of Mexico 164
Teutonic kings as priests 23
Tezcatlipoca, Mexican god 607–9 Thargelia, Greek festival of the 600–1 Thebes (in Egypt), annual sacrifice of ram to Ammon in 523
(in Greece), sacred marriage in 109 Thesmophoria, ancient Greek festival 483–1 Thoas, King 13
Thompson Indians of British Columbia 44, 513
thunder, imitation of 118
Thuringen, midwinter fires at 738–9
Tibet, the Great Llamas of 72
human scapegoats in 583–6
Tibetan New Year 578
Timbo 594
Timmes, the, of Sierra Leone 146
Timor, fetish or taboo rajah in 151
Tinguianes of the Philippines 207 Tinneh or Dene Indians 537 Tlacaxipenualiztli, festival of the men in Mexico 622–4 Todas, a tribe of Southern India 69, 144–5, 207
Tofake 414
Togoland, expulsion of evil in 559 Tolampoos, the, of Central Celebes 199 Tonan or Ilamatecutli, Aztec festival on 25 December 615
Tonga, kings of 186
veneration paid to divine chiefs in 149
Tonquin, division of monarchy in 148
eating man’s liver 516
Toradjas of Central Celebes 33–1, 102 Torres Straits 205, 517 totem, receptacle for man’s external soul 785–6
transference of soul to 785–90
totem clans 785–90
totemism, suggested theory of 784–6
Toumbuluh tribe of North Celebes 193
Toxcatl, Aztec festival 607
Trajan 11
transference of evil 557–90
transubstantiation 507, 520
Transylvania, the Roumanians of 338
the Saxons of 191
Travancore, the Rajah of 567
trees: external soul in 770–4
married to each other 84–5
in relation to Attis 346
in relation to Dionysus 396–7
struck by lightning 801–2
tree spirit killing the 273–99
worship of 82–97 Troezen, santuary of Hippolytus at 16–17
True Steel, story of 763–4 Tuaregs of the Sahara 207 Tud or Warrior Island (Torres Straits) 517
Tuhoe tribe of Maoris 87
Tullus Hostilius, king of Rome 132 Turcoman cure for fever 195 Turks, preserve nail parings for use at the Resurrection 198 Turner’s picture of ‘The Golden Bough’ 9 Tycoons, the 147–8 Typhon, or Set, the brother of Osiris 367 Tyrol: ‘burning out the witches’ in 575, 710
Feasts of All Souls in 382
folk-tale 697
Lenten fires in 710
witches in 575 Tzentales of Mexico 543
Vashdi, deposed queen in Book of Esther 661, 663–5 Vate (New Hebrides) 220 vegetation: death and revival of the spirit of 300
decay and growth of, conceived as the death and resurrection of the gods
300
gardens of Adonis, charms to promote the growth of 337–8
the growth and decay of, in the rites of Adonis 333–4
influence of the sexes upon 98–106
marriage of the powers of 106–8
Mars as deity of 591–2
Osiris as God of 449–51
Veleda, a deified woman 66
Venus (Aphrodite) and Adonis 20
Vespasian 11
Vesta, temple of 14
vicarious suffering, principle of 557 vine, Dionysus the god of 396 violets spring from the blood of Attis 348
Virbius 14–15, 800
Virgin Mary and Isis 388–9
mothers, tales of 328–30
Vitzilopochtli, a great Mexican god 610
Vosges, Feast of All Souls in 381
May-customs in 89–90
corn-wolf in 457
Wabondei of East Africa 87, 513
Wagogo of East Africa 513, 561
Wajagga of East Africa 514, 771
Wakondyo of Central Africa 772
Wales, Beltane fires in 720
mistletoe in 752 Wallachia, crown of last ears of corn worn by girl at harvest in 338
Walpurgis Night, annual expulsion of
witches at 574–5
witches abroad on 574–5 Wamegi 445 Warlock, the invulnerable, stories of 757, 76M
water, in Midsummer Festival 337–8 wax figures in magic 28 weapon and wound, contagious magic of 40–3 Westphalia, the Whitsuntide Bride in 97 Wetar, East Indian Island, belief regarding leprosy in 488
stabbing peoples shadows in 160 whales, ceremonies observed at the slaughter of 540
wheat, cock 459–61
-cow 467–70
-dog 456–9
-goat 463–4
-sow 471–4
-wolf 456–9 Whit Monday: Battle of Winter and Summer at 292
pretence of beheading a king on 277
rituals 274–8 Whydah 271 wicker giants at popular festivals in Europe 746 wild animals propitiated by hunters 532–48 Winter, ceremonies at the end of 288–92
general clearance of evils at the beginning or end of 587
witch burnt in Ireland 54
burnt at St Andrews 1%
effigies burnt in bonfires 711
abroad on Walpurgis Night 574–5
abroad at Hallowe’en 733
wolf, corn-spirit as 456–9
women: dread of menstruous 698–702
descent of power through 393–4
as goddesses 390–3
put to death in the character of goddesses in Mexico 612–22
question of power of 394–5
tabooed at menstruation and childbirth 175–6
their place in the evolution of agriculture 411–16
words tabooed 198–216
Wotjobaluk tribe in Victoria 783 Wottyaks the, of Russia 111 wound and weapon, contagious magic of 40–3 wren, hunting the 550–1 Wurtemberg, bushes set up on Palm Sunday 92 Wurunjeri of Victoria, Australia 157
Xerxes in Thessaly 262, 644
Xilonen, Aztec goddess 613–14
Xipe, the flayed god 622–4 Xomanas (Brazil) 519
Yakuts of Siberia 774–5 Yaguas (Amazonia) 692 Yam, ceremony of eating the new in Onitsha 504 Yarilo, the funeral of, celebrated in Russia 292–3
years, king of the, in Tibet 582–3
Yorkshire 775 Yorubas of Nigeria 186, 213, 243, 516, 580–1
Yuin tribe of New South Wales 161
Yule log 737–8 Yuracares of Eastern Bolivia 540, 691
Zagreus, form of Dionysus 397–8
Zakmuk, Babylonian festival 253, 642–3
Zaparo Indians of Ecuador 512
Zapotecs of Central America 441
the Pontiff of 137, 680, 683, 780
Zela 23, 649
Zeus: and Danaë 698
grave of 224
orders Pluto to release Persephone
said to have transferred the sceptre to young Dionysus 397–8 Zimbas or Muzimbas of South-east Africa Zoganes, temporary king in Babylon, put to death after five days 642–3,
647
Zoroaster 702
Zulu language, its diversity 214
Zulus 163, 239–40, 686
festival of the first fruits 508
flesh diet among 513
women’s place in agriculture 411
A SELECTION OF OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS
THOMAS AQUINAS Selected Philosophical Writings
FRANCIS BACON The Essays
WALTER
The English Constitution BAGEHOT GEORGE Principles of Human Knowledge and Three BERKELEY Dialogues
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas
EDMUND BURKE
of the Sublime and Beautiful
Reflections on the Revolution in France CONFUCIUS The Analects ÉMILE DURKHEIM The Elementary Forms of Religious Life FRIEDRICH
The Condition of the Working Class in England
ENGELS
JAMES GEORGE
The Golden Bough FRAZER SIGMUND FREUD The Interpretation of Dreams THOMAS HOBBES Human Nature and De Corpore Politico
Leviathan
JOHN HUME Selected Essays
NICCOLO
The Prince
MACHIAVELLI
THOMAS
An Essay on the Principle of Population
MALTHUS
KARL MARX Capital
The Communist Manifesto J. S. MILL On Liberty and Other Essays
Principles of Political Economy and Chapters on
Socialism
FRIEDRICH
Beyond Good and Evil
NIETZSCHE
The Birth of Tragedy
On the Genealogy of Morals
Twilight of the Idols
Rights of Man, Common Sense, and Other Political
THOMAS PAINE
Writings
JEAN-JACQUES
The Social Contract
ROUSSEAU
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth
ADAM SMITH
of Nations
MARY
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman WOLLSTONECRAFT
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